An Eruptive Xanthoma in A Libyan Patient: Case report and review of literature.

• Yaser Mustafa Garmadi

  Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Elmergib University, Khomus, Libya

  Author

Xanthoma is a cutaneous manifestation of lipidosis characterized by quantitative changes in plasma lipoproteins and free fatty acids, leading to lipid accumulation in foam cells within the tissue. Lipids, being insoluble, require transport as lipoprotein complexes, which include chylomicrons, LDL, VLDL, and HDL. Four clinical forms of cutaneous xanthoma are associated with hyperlipidemia: tuberous, tendon, eruptive, and striatum palmare. We report the case of a 39‑year‑old Libyan woman with type II diabetes mellitus who presented with pruritic yellow‑orange papules distributed over the body, predominantly on extensor surfaces, persisting for two years. Laboratory investigations revealed markedly elevated fasting lipid profiles, fatty liver, and bilateral pyelonephritis. Histopathology confirmed eruptive xanthoma. Management included intensified glycemic control, dietary modification, weight management, and close metabolic follow‑up. Subsequent improvement in triglyceride levels was accompanied by regression of lesions. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of eruptive xanthoma as a marker of severe hypertriglyceridemia. Prompt diagnosis and treatment not only lead to the resolution of lesions but also prevent serious complications such as acute pancreatitis and atherosclerosis.

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